NUCLEAR WEAPON:

NUCLEAR WEAPON:

• It produces a large amount of destructive force due to nuclear reaction which is caused by fusion or fission.
• Its yield is much more than a conventional explosive.
• This is the single bomb capable of destroying a city.
• As a purpose of testing the nuclear bomb, it was detonated by United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India Pakistan and North Korea.

USED IN WAR AGAINST:

• Japan (Hiroshima in 6^th august 1945) and detonated by USA during World War2. USA dropped a uranium gun-type device code-named “Little boy”.
• Japan (Nagasaki in 9th august 1945) and detonated by USA during World War 2. The second event occurred three days later when, again, the United States dropped a plutonium implosion-type device code-named “Fat man”.

FIRST NUCLEAR BOMB CREATED:

• The first nuclear bomb was created in the United States by the collaboration of scientists from central Europe (including Germany) with assistance from the United Kingdom and Canada during World War 2 as part of the top-secret “Manhattan Project”.
• Its first test was conducted on 16^th July 1945 at a site near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• The Soviet Union developed and tested their nuclear bomb in 1949.

TYPES OF NUCLEAR BOMB:

• First: It produces their explosive energy through nuclear fission reactions alone. Generally known as atomic bomb or A bomb or fission bomb. The amount of energy released by fission bombs can range between the equivalents of less than a ton of TNT upwards to around 500,000 tons (500 kilotons) of TNT.
• Second: It produces a large amount of its energy through nuclear fusion reactions, and can be over a thousand times more powerful than fission bombs as fusion reactions release much more energy per unit of mass than fission reactions. These are known as hydrogen bombs, H-bombs, thermonuclear bombs, or fusion bombs. It released an energy equivalent to over 50 million tons (megatons) of TNT.

DNA FINGER PRINTING: TO TACKLE CRIMES

DNA FINGER PRINTING: TO TACKLE CRIMES

• It is a fool proof forensic method for establishing the identity of an individual by tracking down the DNA of the accused person (determined by the cops from their investigations).
• The DNA finger printing technology is based on the scientific principle that the genetic material called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gives away a physical character of a person that he/she shares with no other person in the world.
• Scientists depend on the samples of blood, sweat, skin, hair root and nail from the accused to do the DNA finger printing; these are then matched with the DNA finger prints collected from the site of crime.
• The equipment used to do this is called a sequencer.
• Scientists expose the samples (from the body of accused) to a mixture of organic chemicals that separate the DNA from other constituents like proteins.
• The samples then ‘purified’ and ‘amplified’ for the matching process.
• The amplified copies of the DNA are then placed in a genetic analyzer and they are matched with the samples with the samples collected from the scene of the crime.
• It has solved a lot of complicated criminal cases.

DNA FINGER PRINTING CRACK CRIMINAL CASES LIKE:

1. The DNA test figure out the real father or mother of a baby.
2. It figures out the culprits involved in a rape case.

PLASTIC: THAT’S BIODEGRADABLE…………..

PLASTIC: THAT’S BIODEGRADABLE…………..

• Earlier, whenever we go for marketing to buy vegetable, we were in real trouble, because we have to carry a bag along ourselves to carry whatever we buy. As at that time the government had banned the non bio-degradable polythene (which was the destructive element for our Earth). But the time has changed and now just forgets to carry any bags as the scientists have developed a new biodegradable plastic.
• Scientists have developed a transparent new plastic as strong as steel and as thin as a sheet of paper.
• It is made out of clay and a non toxic glue, the composite plastic is biodegradable and requires very little amount of energy to produce.
• It all made to happen by mimicking the brick and mortar molecular structure found in seashells.

ADVANTAGES

• It is totally healthy for our nature, as it is totally biodegradable.
• The material, from which it is prepared, is very cheap.
• The plastic could be used to reduce the energy required to separate glasses in chemical factories, improve micro technology such as microchips or biomedical sensor.
• The plastic bag carries our goods and we need not to take a bag of ours.